Lithium battery is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the positive/negative electrode material and non aqueous electrolyte solution. The advantages of lithium batteries, such as low self discharge rate and gentle discharge voltage, allow implanted pacemakers to run for a long time without the need for recharging. Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts and are more suitable for integrated circuit power supply. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely used in calculators, digital cameras, and watches. In order to develop varieties with better performance, people have studied various materials to produce products.
With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become mainstream. Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two types: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries can be charged, and their performance, specific capacity, self discharge rate, and cost-effectiveness are all comparable to lithium-ion batteries. Due to the constraints of their own high-tech requirements, only a few countries have companies producing this type of lithium metal battery.
Working principle of lithium batteries:
1. Lithium batteries generally use manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, lithium metal or its alloy metal as the negative electrode material, and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Discharge reaction: Li MnO2=LiMnO2
2. Lithium ion batteries: Lithium ion batteries generally use lithium alloy metal oxide as the positive electrode material, graphite as the negative electrode material, and non-aqueous electrolyte. The reaction on a charged positive electrode is LiCoO2=Li (1-x) CoO2 x Li xe - (electrons). The reaction on the charged negative electrode is 6C xLi xe -=LixC6. The total reaction of rechargeable batteries is LiCoO2 6C=Li (1-x) CoO2 LixC6.
3. High energy density lithium batteries weigh half the weight of nickel cadmium or nickel hydrogen batteries of the same capacity, and have a volume of nickel cadmium high voltage. The working voltage of a single lithium-ion battery is 3.7V (average), which is equivalent to three nickel cadmium or nickel hydrogen batteries connected in series. Non polluting lithium-ion batteries do not contain harmful metal substances such as cadmium, lead, and mercury. It is not prohibited to carry lithium batteries on passenger planes. Under normal circumstances, the long cycle life of lithium-ion batteries can exceed 500 charging and discharging cycles, and lithium iron phosphate can reach 2000 cycles. The memory effect without memory effect refers to the phenomenon of capacity decrease in nickel cadmium batteries during charge discharge cycles. This effect does not exist in lithium-ion batteries. Fast charging uses a constant current and voltage charger with a rated voltage of 4.2V, which can fully charge lithium-ion batteries within 1.5-2.5 hours; The newly developed lithium iron phosphate battery can be fully charged in 35 minutes. 3、 Advantages and disadvantages analysis: 1. Advantages (1) Higher energy.
The characteristics of lithium batteries:
1. Lithium batteries have a high energy storage density, reaching 460-600Wh/kg, which is about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries; Long service life, up to 6 years or more. A battery with lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode can be used 10000 times at 1C (100% DOD) for charging and discharging; The rated voltage is high (with a single working voltage of 3.7V or 3.2V), which is approximately equal to the series voltage of three nickel cadmium or nickel hydrogen rechargeable batteries, making it easy to form a battery power pack; Lithium batteries can be adjusted to 3.0V through the new technology of lithium battery regulators, suitable for small appliances.
2. Lithium batteries have high power carrying capacity, among which lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles can reach a charging and discharging capacity of 15-30C; The self discharge rate of lithium batteries is very low, which is one of the outstanding advantages of batteries. It can generally be below 1% per month, less than 1/20 of nickel hydrogen batteries; Lithium batteries are lightweight, about 1/6-1/5 of lead-acid products in the same volume; 7) Strong adaptability to high and low temperatures, can be used in environments ranging from -20 to 60 degrees Celsius, and can be used in environments ranging from -45 degrees Celsius after process treatment;
3. Lithium batteries are environmentally friendly and do not contain or produce any toxic or harmful heavy metal elements, as well as substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, whether produced, used, or discarded.
4. Lithium ion battery production basically does not consume water, which is very beneficial for China, which is short of water. Specific energy refers to the energy per unit weight or volume. Specific energy is expressed in Wh/kg or Wh/l, where Wh is the unit of energy, w is the watt, and h is the hour; Kg is the kilogram (unit of weight), and l is the liter (unit of volume).
